作者：隋哲峰，王 英，萨仁高娃

摘要：本文旨在探索巴尔虎蒙古族少年儿童眼部特征，为巴尔虎蒙古族人种族研究、民族识别、遗传疾病等提供理论依据。本项研究依据《人体测量方法》和Martin测量工具说明观测265人（男性135人、女性130人）巴尔虎蒙古族6-16岁少年儿童蒙古褶（内眦褶）、上眼睑褶皱、眼裂倾斜度等眼部特征，将测量结果进行整理，与可查询到的鄂尔多斯、巴盟、阿拉善等蒙古族人种的数据进行对比分析。结果显示巴尔虎蒙古族少年儿童的眼部特征中蒙古褶、上眼睑褶皱和眼裂倾斜度有别于其他地区的蒙古族；巴尔虎蒙古族少年儿童的蒙古褶、上眼睑褶皱出现率高于鄂尔多斯蒙古族人，其他低于查询到的数据；巴尔虎蒙古族少年儿童眼部特征与其他巴尔虎蒙古族人的数据报道基本相符。说明巴尔虎蒙古族人眼部特征随年龄增长从少年儿童开始明显变化。巴尔虎蒙古族人眼部特征明显有别于其他地区的蒙古族人。从其人类学特征、历史渊源和起源、语言、特有的服饰文化习惯特征看，巴尔虎蒙古族人是一个与其他蒙古族不同的族群，是一个独立的民族或族群。

关键词：巴尔虎蒙古族；少年儿童；眼部特征

DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0005; 中图法分类号: Q983; 文献标识码: A; 文章编号: 1000-3193(2020)01-0135-08

A study of the ocular features of Baerhu Mongolian teenagers

SUI Zhefeng, WANG Ying, SAREN Gaowa

Abstract: The research objective for this study is to provide a theoretical basis for ethnic and genetic disease identification of Baerhu Mongolian teenagers. Using anthropometric measuring techniques and instruments initially used by Martin, we investigated Mongolian wrinkles, palpebra superior wrinkles and palpebral fissure inclination on 265 teenagers (male 135; female 130), and then compared our results with published ocular reference of Mongolian peoples from Erdos, Bayannur and Alxa. The results of our work showed that Mongolian wrinkles, palpebra superior wrinkles and palpebral fissure inclination of Baerhu teenagers were different from other Mongolian tribes. The occurrence rates of Mongolian wrinkles, and palpebra superior wrinkles in Baerhu teenagers were higher than Erdos Mongolian, and other traits were lower than our data. The characteristics of Baerhu Mongolian teenagers eyes were basically consistent with other Baerhu Mongolian people. In conclusion, the ocular features of Mongolian peoples began to change significantly with age. Baerhu Mongolian ocular features significantly different from Mongolian peoples in other regions. In terms of anthropology, historical origins, language and culture, Baerhu Mongolians are different from other Mongolian ethnic groups, and should be identified as an independent tribe or ethnic group.

Key words: Mongolia; Teenagers; Anatomy; Ocular; Ethnicity