作者：张兴华，宇克莉，杨亚军，金丹，任佳易，董文静，魏榆，郑连斌
摘要：白马人是我国的未识别族群之一。我们在四川省平武县调查了白马人233例（男为93例，女为140例）的69项体质测量指标与228例（男为93例，女为135例）的观察指标15项。初步分析了白马人的体质特征。结果如下：1）白马人男性上眼睑皱褶出现率为80.65%，女性上眼睑皱褶出现率则为85.93%。白马人蒙古褶率男性为33.33%，女性则为39.26%。白马人男女眼裂高度以窄型为主。眼外角多高于眼内角。白马人的鼻根高度多为中等型。男女均以直型鼻梁为主。白马人男女颧骨扁平，颧骨体突出。鼻基部多为水平方向。鼻翼高度约占鼻高的1/4，以中等为主。白马人男女多为圆形耳垂。上唇皮肤部高度多为中等。红唇厚度以薄唇为主，眼色多为黑褐色。2）按头面部、体部指数分型，白马人男女均以高头型、阔头型、中鼻型、长躯干型、亚短腿型、宽胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型率最高。白马人男性还以中头型、中面型率最高，女性还以圆头型、阔面型率最高。根据男女身高均数，白马人男女均为中等型身材。3）白马人体质特征属于北方族群类型，与赫哲族、俄罗斯族比较接近，与安多藏族距离较远。
关键词：活体测量；白马人；聚类分析
DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2017.0048; 中图法分类号: Q983; 文献标识码: A; 文章编号: 1000-3193(2020)01-0143-09
A study of physical characteristics of the Baima people in China
ZHANG Xinghua, YU Keli, YANG Yajun, JIN Dan, REN Jiayi, DONG Wenjing, WEI Yu, ZHENG Lianbin
Abstract: The Baima belong to one of the unrecognized ethnic groups living in China. In this study, 69 anthropological characteristics were assessed in 233 Baima adults (93 males; 140 females) living in Pingwu City, Sichuan Province. In addition, 15 qualitative characteristics were also observed in 228 Baima adults (93 males; 135 females). The results of this research are as follows. First, the percentage of upper eyelid eyefold in Baima males was 80.65% and in Baima females 85.93%, with the frequency of the Mongoloid fold as 33.33% (male) and 39.26% (female). The opening height of eye slits in this ethnic group are narrow, with the external angle higher than the internal angle. Nasal root height in the Baima is defined as medium, with most adults having a straight nasal bridge. Baima males and females have flat and prominent cheekbones. Ear lobe types in the Baima are rounded. The upper lip skin height is medium in Baima and lip thickness is thin. Eye color is mostly brown. Baima males and females are of the hypsicephalic and tapeinocephalic type, mesorrhiny, long trunk, subbrachyskelic, and with broad chest circumference, broad shoulder breadth and narrow distance between iliac crests. Baima males are mesocephaly and mesoprosopy, but females are brachycephaly and euryprosopy. According to the mean stature of males and females, they are of the middle-type figure. These physical characteristics of the Baima belong to the northern ethnic groups, and is close to that of the Hezhen and the Russians, but distant to the Anduo Tibetan.
Key words: Anthropometry; Baima; Cluster analysis
