郑州孙庄遗址仰韶文化人群的龋病
周亚威1，白倩2，顾万发3，刘青彬3
1. 郑州大学历史学院，郑州 450001；2. 中国社会科学院研究生院，北京102488；3. 郑州市文物考古研究院，郑州450001
摘要：孙庄遗址位于河南省郑州市中原区孙庄村，是分布在黄河中游的一处仰韶文化晚期遗址，该遗址出土的54例仰韶时期的人骨保存状况良好，为我们了解仰韶文化人群的龋患情况提供了珍贵的资料。本文以肉眼观察为主并结合超景深显微镜对遗址出土的846枚牙齿进行鉴定、统计与分析，得出以下结论：孙庄遗址古代人群的龋病患病率70.37%，龋齿率22.93%，龋均3.59；壮年组患龋率最高，为88.89%，不同年龄组之间的龋齿率差异性显著；龋齿率女性为30.55%，男性为16.16%，女性龋齿率显著高于男性，P(0.000)<0.05，两性之间的龋齿率有显著差异；浅龋率为6.70%，中龋率为21.65%，深龋率为27.32%，深龋已穿髓率为19.07%，残冠残根率为25.26%，随着年龄的增长，龋病的病变程度呈加重趋势；龋损范围小于1/2牙冠累龋最常见，占总患龋齿数的42.27%；上颌龋齿率为26.91%，下颌龋齿率为19.70%，上下颌龋齿率差异显著（P<0.05）。龋病在不同牙位上的发生率依次为M3>M2>P2>M1>P1>C>I1>I2；邻面和面是主要的龋患分布处，分别占患龋牙齿数的46.40%和39.18%。孙庄人群门齿较高的患龋率表明该遗址人群患龋情况已经非常严重，患龋率与龋齿率明显高于其他古代组，较高的龋病罹患率可能与孙庄人群复杂的农业经济模式有关。
关键词：龋病；仰韶文化；孙庄遗址
Dental caries of the Yangshao Culture residents from the Sunzhuang site, Zhengzhou
ZHOU Yawei1, BAI Qian2, GU Wanfa3, LIU Qingbin3
1. History College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 102488;
3. Zhengzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001
Abstract: Sunzhuang is a late Yangshao cultural site located in the Sun Zhuang village, Zhengzhou, Henan Province. In this research, we used a high-powered microscope to analyze 846 human teeth for dental caries. Some are our research results are given below. 1) For the ancient residents of the site, caries prevalence rate was 70.37%; caries incidence rate was 22.93%; and average number of caries was 3.59. 2) Middle-aged people showed the highest caries prevalence rate (88.89%). 3) Caries incidence rates among different age groups were significantly differentiated. 4) Caries incidence rates of female was 30.55% and thus, higher than in male (16.16%); this difference was significant (P<0.05). 5) Shallow caries rate was 6.70%; middle caries rate 21.65%; and deep caries rate was 27.32%. 6) The deep caries rate with penetrated pulp was 19.07% whereas the residual crown rate was 25.26%; and the degree of caries was aggravated with age growth. 7) Caries lesion ranges below 1/2 were most common (42.27% of total number of dental caries). 8) Caries incidence in the upper jaw was 26.91% but was 19.7%, in the lower jaw; this difference was significant (P<0.05). 9) Dental caries incidence rates existed in different tooth positions where M3 > M2 > P2 > M1 > P1 > C > I1 > I2, and the proximal and occlusal surfaces were the main areas where caries distributed the most, accounting for 46.40% and 39.18%, respectively. The prevalence rate of incisor caries was high at Sunzhuang, which suggests that this group had serious dental caries and probably an agricultural economy.
Key words: Caries; Yangshao; Sunzhuang site
