雷 蕾1, 2, 3, 李大伟4, 5, 麻晓荣6, 刘康体6, 侯亚梅1,2, 王伟7, 李 浩1,2
1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所，北京 100044；
2.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心，北京 100044；3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049；4.广西民族大学科技史和科技文化研究院，南宁530006；5.广西民族博物馆，南宁530018；6.广西百色右江民族博物馆 百色 533000；7.山东大学文化遗产研究院，青岛 266235
摘要：阿舍利技术的两个核心要素在于剥取大石片以及制作手斧等定型化大型工具。目前，国内有关手斧工业的研究中，关注较多的是大型工具的加工与制作，而对于大石片生产的方式与策略则缺乏系统的研究和介绍。本文重点介绍和综述了目前国外发现和报道的大石片生产技术，并对每种技术的具体特点进行了分析和阐释。根据剥片复杂程度的不同，阿舍利大石片生产技术可细分为三类；第一类指砾石初级剥片技术，是利用原料的自然特征，选择合适台面和剥片角度进行单次剥片；第二类包括两面剥片技术、板状石核剥片技术和昆比哇技术，是在了解原料特征的基础上，对石核进行有计划的剥片，以便连续生产出多个大石片；第三类包括奇尔基技术、塔拜勒巴拉-塔奇恩基特技术和西维多利亚技术，是在较为复杂的剥片流程引导下，通过对石核的预制，获取具有相对稳定形态的大石片。在此基础上，初步分析了广西百色盆地发现的大型石核和大石片标本，探讨其在深入认识该地区石器工业面貌方面的作用和意义。
关键词：阿舍利技术；大型石核；大石片；生产策略；百色盆地
Production patterns and strategies of the Acheulean large flakes
LEI Lei1,2,3, LI Dawei4, 5, MA Xiaorong6, LIU Kangti6, HOU Yamei1,2, WANG Wei7, LI Hao1,2
1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044; 2.CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; 4. Institute for History and Culture of Science & Technology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006; 5.Guangxi Museum of Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530018; 6.Youjiang Museum of Nationalities, Baise 533000; 7.Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao 266235
Abstract: Producing large flakes and making the large cutting tools are two core elements of the Acheulean technology. Compared with extensive studies on the manufacture of Acheulean tools, technologies and strategies involved in producing Acheulean large flakes have received less attention in China. In this study, we focus on introducing a variety of the large flake production technologies abroad, with the analysis of patterns and characteristics of each method. According to the complexity of these methods, we have divided them into three groups. The first mainly refers to cobble opening technology, which uses natural features of the cobble to produce a single large flake. The second includes bifacial core, sliced slab and the Kombewa methods, all of which share common technological characteristics involving reduction sequences of large cores. The third includes the Chirki, Tabelbala-Tachenghit and Victoria West methods, which are the most sophisticated core flaking technologies in the Acheulean. These latter methods show a certain degree of core preparation and result in the production of large flakes with consistent morphology. Based on the above analysis, we present a preliminary study of large cores and flakes discovered from the Bose Basin in South China, and discuss the significance of these products in completing our understanding of the lithic technology in this region.
Key words: Archaeology; Lithics; Acheulean; Cores; Flakes; Production; Bose Basin
