1. 中国社会科学院考古研究所， 北京100101； 2.西藏自治区文物保护研究所，拉萨 850000

摘要：中国社会科学院考古研究所和西藏自治区文物保护研究所于 2012 年至 2014 年间在西藏阿里地区噶尔县发现了一个古代墓群，称为故如甲木墓地。其中 8 座墓葬的时代约为公元 3-4 世纪，相当于中原的汉晋时期。共发现32 例个体，对其中保存较好的16 例个体（7 例男性，9 例女性）的头骨进行了形态观察和测量分析。聚类分析结果显示故如甲木古代居民与四川卡莎湖古代居民最接近，相比与陕西、山西、河南等地区古代居民的关系，故如甲木居民与新疆多岗和察吾乎四号墓地的古代居民更为接近。与近现代人群比较，故如甲木与广西壮族和藏族 A 型的现代居民接近。线粒体 DNA 的分析结果表明，故如甲木居民的母系来源多元化，大多数为欧亚东部类群，也有少量是欧亚西部类群，他们对中国现代藏族人群以及西藏的其他一些民族具有母系遗传的贡献。 

关键词：西藏；故如甲木；人骨；古 DNA

Craniometric evidence and ancient DNA analysis of the population origin of Ngari prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region between 3rd and 4th century AD

ZHANG Yajun1, ZHANG Xu1, ZHAO Xin1, TONG Tao1, LI Linhui2 

1. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100710; 2.Cultural Relics Conservation Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tianhai Road 24, Lhasa 850000 

Abstract: Gurugyam cemetery, located in the Gar County of Ngari Prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region, was excavated in 2012 and 2014 by the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Institute of Cultural Heritage Protection of Tibet Autonomous Region expedition. Pre-Imperial Tibet component of Gurugyam cemetery has eight burials dated from 3rd to 4th century AD from which 32 individuals were unearthed. The primary sample used in the craniometric analysis is comprised of 16 well-preserved adult crania(male, n=7; female,  n=9). The result of cluster analysis shows that the ancient population of Kashacuo in Sichuan was the first one that assigned to the Gurugyam sample. Additionally, the Gurugyam sample is more similar to ancient populations of Duogang and Chawuhu, Xinjiang than to other clusters of ancient populations sampled from Shannxi, Shanxi, and Henan. When compared to other modern groups, Gurugyam sample is clustered with Guangxi Zhuang people and Tibetan A type population. Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals some genetic divergence among the Gurugyam sample, denoting a geographic pattern of genetic variation with maternal lineages mainly from the east of Eurasia and partially from the west of Eurasia. Divergence within the Gurugyam sample has contributed to the maternal gene pool of modern Tibetan and other ethnic groups in the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Keywords: Tibet; Gurugyam cemetery; Human skeleton remains; Ancient DNA